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Hygiene of Pregnancy

2 min read

References:

  1. Dr. RPS Maternal and Newborn Care: A Comprehensive Guide and Source Book for Teaching and Learning, 2nd Edition, ISBN 978-971-98-2265-3, by Rosalinda Parado Salustiano (pp. 117-195)
  1. Demographic Factors: three main parameters relevant to pregnancy are:
    • Age: being less than 16 or over 35 years old
    • Weight: being underweight (less than 90 lbs.) or overweight (more than 150 lbs.) poses a risk for SGA/LGA infants respectively.
    • Height: being less than five feet is a risk for cephalopelvic disproportion
  2. Socioeconomic Status:
    • Inadequate finances
    • Overcrowding, inadequate housing, poor hygiene
    • Nutritional deprivation
    • Severe social problems
    • Unplanned, unprepared pregnancy, especially among adolescents. This is rooted in poverty and poor education.
  3. Obstetric History:
    • History of infertility or multiple gestations
    • Grandmultiparity (>G5)
    • History of abortion, ectopic pregnancy
    • Previous losses: fetal death, stillbirth, neonatal death, perinatal death
    • Previous operative birth: cesarean section, midforceps delivery
    • Previous uterine or cervical abnormality
    • Previous abnormal labor: prematurity, postmaturity, prolonged
    • Previous high-risk infant: LBW, LGA/macrosomia, neurologic deficits, birth injury, malformation
    • Previous hydatidiform mole
  4. Current OB Status
    • Late or no prenatal care
    • Maternal anemia
    • Rh sensitization
    • Antepartal bleeding: placenta previa and abruptio placenta
    • Pregnancy-induced hypertension
    • Multiple gestation
    • Premature or postmature labor
    • Polyhydramnios
    • Premature rupture of membranes (PROM)
    • Fetus inappropriately large or small; abnormality in tests for fetal well-being; abnormality in presentation
  5. Maternal Medical History/Status
    • Cardiac or pulmonary disease
    • Metabolic disease: diabetes, thyroid disease
    • Endocrine disorders: pituitary, adrenal
    • Chronic renal disease: repeated UTI, bacteriuria
    • Chronic hypertension
    • Venereal and other infectious diseases
    • Major congenital anomalies of the reproductive tract
    • Hemoglobinopathies
    • Seizure disorder
    • Malignancy
    • Major emotional disorders and mental retardation
  6. Maternal Habits/Habituation (SAD habits)
    • Smoking during pregnancy
    • Regular alcohol intake
    • Drug use/abuse

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