References:
- Global Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Online Network: Infectious Diseases of the Philippines, 2013 eBook Edition, ISBN 978-1-61755-582-4, by Stephen Berger. Accessed here.
| Agent | BACTERIUM. Chlamydiaceae, Chlamydiae, Chlamydia trachomatis; Simkania negevensis; Waddlia chondrophila |
| Reservoir | Human |
| Vector | None |
| Vehicle | Sexual contact |
| Incubation Period | 5 to 10 days |
| Diagnostic Tests | Microscopy and immunomocroscopy of secretions Serology Tissue culture Nucleic acid amplification |
| Typical Adult Therapy | Doxycycline 100 mg BID X 7d. OR Azithromycin 1g as single dose OR Levofloxacin 500 mg daily X 7 days OR Ofloxacin 300 mg BID X 7 days |
| Typical Pediatric Therapy | Weight <45 kg: Erythromycin 10 mg/kg QID X 14d Weight >=45 kg, but age <8 years: Azithromycin 1 g as single dose Age >= 8 years: Azithromycin 1 g as single dose OR Doxycycline 100 mg BID X 7 d |
| Clinical Hints | Thin, scant penile discharge; cervicitis; conjunctivitis; neonatal pneumonia; pelvic inflammatory disease; concurrent gonorrhea may be present. |
| Synonyms | Bedsonia, Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydien-Urethritis, Chlamydien-Zervizitis, Chlamydophila, Inclusion blenorrhea, Non-gonococccal urethritis, Nonspecific urethritis, Parachlamydia, Parachlamydia acanthamoebae, Prachlamydia, Protochlamydia, Protochlamydia naegleriophila, Rhabdochlamydia, Simkania negevensis, Waddlia chondrophila. |
Genito-urinary Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis may result in urethritis, epididymitis, obstructive uropathy, cervicitis, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, acute salpingitis, tubal scaring, reduced conception rates (even in the absence of scarring), ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, low birth weight or pre-term delivery.
- The rates of orchitis/epididymitis, prostatitis, infertility, and urethral stricture following genital infection in males are 4.28%, 1.41%, 1.27%, and 0.13% respectively.
- The extent to which Chlamydia infection contributes to male and female infertility is unclear.
- Levels of serum Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) may be elevated in patients with Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
- Perinatal infections may result in inclusion conjunctivitis or pneumonia in the newborn.
- Asymptomatic pharyngeal infection or acute chlamydial tonsillopharyngitis may follow oro-genital contact.