References:
- Lecturer (Notario)
- Right Patient: identify the patient with at least two identifiers. For this specific right, take into consideration that there are two categories of patients: conscious and unconscious.
- Conscious: alert, coherent, and aware patients. For these clients, you may ask the client to state their name
- Unconscious: comatose. For these clients, you may check the ID bracelet/band/label
- Right Drug: there are four elements in checking the validity of the drug being given:
- Expiration: check the date of expiration of the medication.
- Color: changes in color can indicate errors or invalidity.
- Spelling: in written prescriptions, the spelling of medication names should be double-checked. Some drugs can go as far as to differ by one syllable.
- Label: checked thrice; once when receiving the order, second when opening or dispensing, and third when administering the medication.
- Right Dose: double-checking is always imperative for giving drugs. No excess or deficit against the prescribed amount should be administered. This is done especially for (a) multiple drugs, (b) sudden changes of orders, (c) available stock dose does not match order. The relevant formulae used for calculating the required dose includes:
- Pediatric Doses:
- Clark’s Rule:
Weight (pounds) / 150 * Adult Dose
- Fried’s Rule (12 months and below):
Age (months) / 150 * Adult Dose
- Young’s Rule:
Age (years) / (Age (years) + 12) * Adult Dose
- Adult Doses:
Dose / Stock * Quantity
- IV Calculation:
Total Volume / Hrs. to Infuse * Drop Factor / 60 Minutes DF may be defined as macro (20) or micro (60).
- Right Frequency: the usage of correct intervals between dosages. This is written on the order, with standardized abbreviations. Depending on the institution, the timings of non-specific frequencies can vary.
| Notation | Meaning | Example (depending on institution) |
|---|
| od | Once a day | 8 AM |
| bid | Twice a day | 8 AM, 6 PM |
| tid | Three times a day | 8 AM, 1 PM, 6 PM |
| qid | Four times a day | 8 AM, 12 NN, 4 PM, 8 PM |
| hs | Hours of sleep; at bed-time | 9 PM |
| q | ”Every”, as in “Every four hours” for q4. | Done around the clock |
| qod | Every other day | |
| qh | Every hour | |
| ac | Before meals | |
| pc, postprandial | After meals | |
| prn | As necessary | |
| stat | Now; Immediately | |
| c̄ | c̄ stands for cum, as in “with”. | “c̄ pillow” → “with pillow” |
| s̄ | s̄ stands for sine, as in “without”. | “s̄ pillow” → “without pillow” |
- Right Route: the administration of drugs through the correct medium and passageway
| Notation | Meaning |
|---|
| per orem (p.o.) | Mouth; the safest route. |
| otic | Ears |
| optic | Eyes |
| os | Left eye |
| od | Right eye |
| parenteral | Syringe-based administration. An invasive procedure that can be classified as ID, SC, IM, or IV. Because of its nature, it is considered as the most dangerous and the fastest method of administration. Apply universal precautions. |
| ID | Intradermal |
| SQ/SC | Subcutaneous |
| IM | Intramuscular |
| IV | Intravenous |
| inhalation (i.h.) | Inhaled |
| synovial | Joints |
| Intrathecal | Spinal canal |
| Topical | Absorption through the skin (or eyes and ears) |
| Suppository | Medications instilled rectally or vaginally. Easily expelled. |
- Right Documentation: correct recording of medications given immediately after administration. Requisite documentation characteristics include comprehensiveness, brevity, and legibility.
- Done after the procedure
- Free of erasures; use strike-through for errors and append initials and a signature.
- Free of superimposition
- No blank spaces
- Utilizes universal abbreviation
- Right Client Education
- Right Assessment
- Right Evaluation
- Right to Refuse
